Traditional Water Conservation in India (भारत में पारंपरिक जल संरक्षण)
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
“Water Conservation and Management”
is of great importance to the economic, social and cultural development in India.
2.0 TRADITIONAL METHODS OF WATER CONSERVATION ANDMANAGEMENT
Sr. No. | Ecological Region | Traditional Water Management System |
1. | Trans - Himalayan Region | Zing |
2. | Western Himalaya | Kul, Naula, Kuhl, Khatri |
3. | Eastern Himalaya | Apatani |
4. | North Eastern Hill Ranges | Zabo |
5. | Brahmaputra Valley | Dongs / Dungs/ Jampois |
6. | Indo-Gangetic Plains | Ahars – Pynes, Bengal’s Inundation Channels, Dighis, Baolis |
7. | The Thar Desert | Kunds, Kuis/beris, Baoris / Ber/ Jhalaras, Nadi, Tobas, Tankas, Khandins, Vav/Bavadi, Virdas, Paar |
8. | Central Highlands | Talab, Bandhis, Saza Kuva, Johads, Naada/Bandh, Pat, Rapat, Chandela Tank, Bundela Tank |
9. | Eastern Highlands | Katas / Mundas / Bandhas |
10. | Deccan Plateau | Cheruvu, Kohli Tanks, Bhandaras, Phad, Kere, The Ramtek Model |
11. | Western Ghats | Surangam |
12. | West Coastal Plains | Virdas |
13. | Eastern Ghats | Korambu |
14. | Eastern Coastal Plains | Eri / Ooranis |
15. | The Islands | Jack Wells |
These traditional techniques, though less popular today, are still in use and efficient. Brief details of these techniques of water conservation and management systems prevalent in India who have practiced them for decades before the debate on climate change even existed based on ecological Regions of India are given below:
1. Jhalara
2. Talab /Bandhi
3. Bawari
4. Taanka
5. Ahar Pynes
6. Johads
7. Panam Keni
8. Khadin
9. Kund
10. Baoli
11. Nadi
12. Bhandara Phad
13. Zing
14. Kuhls
15. Zabo
16. Bamboo Drip Irrigation
17. Jackwells
18. Ramtek Model
19. Pat System
20. Eri
21. Apatani
22. Cheo-ozihi
23. Roof top water harvesting in Mizoram
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